Breast Onco Surgery

Breast oncology procedures, also known as breast cancer operations, form a specialized surgical approach. It focuses on diagnosing, treating, and managing breast cancer. Various surgical methods aim to remove cancerous tissue while preserving breast appearance and optimal function whenever feasible. Breast oncosurgery plays a key role in breast cancer's multidisciplinary management, collaborating with oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, and other healthcare professionals for comprehensive care.

Significance of Breast Oncology Surgery

Breast cancer ranks among the most prevalent cancers affecting women worldwide. Breast oncology surgery serves as a cornerstone­ in its management. Surgical interve­ntions prove essential for:

  • Primary Tumor Removal: Surgically removing the primary breast tumor, through lumpectomy (breast-conserving surgery) or mastectomy (partial or total breast removal) is crucial. It eliminates cancerous tissue, achieving local dise­ase  control.
  • Axillary Lymph Node Evaluation: Assessing axillary lymph nodes via sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) aids in staging breast cancer. It determines nodal involvement, guiding further treatment  decisions.
  • Breast Reconstruction: Special techniques restore breast shape and appearance after cancer surgery, improving mental health and quality of life for patients.
  • Risk Reduction: Some with high breast cancer risk due to genes (like BRCA1, BRCA2) or family history may choose preventive mastectomy. It aims to lower their future breast cancer chances.

Types of Breast Oncology Surgery

  • Lumpectomy (Breast Conserving Surgery): The tumor and some normal breast tissue around it are removed, followed by radiation.
  • Mastectomy: Part or all of the breast tissue is taken out based on disease extent and patient factors. Types are:

a. Partial Mastectomy (Segmental Mastectomy): Removes tumor, margin, and some breast tissue while keeping more breast than total mastectomy.
b. Total Mastectomy: Removes the whole breast tissue, but not the chest wall muscles.
c. Modified Radical Mastectomy: Removes breast tissue and armpit lymph nodes, sparing chest wall     muscles.
d. Skin Sparing Mastectomy: Keeps breast skin for immediate or later breast reconstruction.
e. Nipple Sparing Mastectomy: The nipple and areola area are sometimes kept during breast removal surgery. This is often paired with breast rebuilding right away.

  •  Axillary Surgery: This checks the lymph nodes in the armpit area. A small sample may be removed (sentinel node biopsy) or taken out (axillary dissection). The results guide whether another treatment is needed after surgery.
  •  Breast Reconstruction: There are many ways to remake the breast shape. One method is to use implants, and the tissue is moved from areas like the belly, back, or thighs or combined. The goal is to make the breast look natural and pleasing.

Benefits 

Surgery for breast cancer has these benefits:

  •  Local Disease Control: Removing the tumor and lymph nodes helps stop the spread nearby. It lowers the chances of cancer returning to the breast or armpit.
  •  Improved Survival: With chemo, radiation, hormones, or targeted drugs, survival rates improve more than surgery alone.
  •  Cosmetic Outcomes: Advanced skills, saving the nipple, and rebuilding let women look and feel better after breast cancer surgery. This lifts body image, confidence, and quality of life.

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Conditions and Treatments

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Carcinoma of breast

Carcinoma of the breast is a malignant tumor that requires a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapies for treatment.

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Fibroadenoma

Fibroadenoma is a common benign breast tumor that often requires surgical removal if it is large, painful, or growing.

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Phyllodes tumor

Phyllodes tumor is a rare breast tumor that can be benign or malignant. Surgical removal is the primary treatment, with careful monitoring for recurrence.

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Fibrocystic disease

Fibrocystic disease of the breast is a benign condition characterized by lumpy, painful breasts. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms through lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgical intervention.

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Lymphedema

Lymphedema is the swelling of the arm or breast due to lymphatic fluid buildup, often following breast cancer treatment. Management includes compression therapy, exercise, and sometimes surgery.

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Breast abscess

A breast abscess is a localized collection of pus in the breast tissue, often requiring antibiotics and surgical drainage for treatment.

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Mondors disease

Mondor's disease is a rare condition characterized by thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the breast. Treatment typically involves pain management and anti-inflammatory medications.

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Accessory breast

Accessory breast tissue is additional breast tissue that can develop along the milk line, often requiring surgical removal if symptomatic or cosmetically concerning.

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Angiosarcoma of breast

Angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare and aggressive cancer that arises from the blood vessels of the breast. Treatment typically involves surgery, often followed by radiation or chemotherapy.

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Pagets disease

Paget's disease of the breast is a rare type of cancer that affects the skin of the nipple and areola. Treatment usually involves surgery, often combined with radiation or chemotherapy.

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Breast skin eczema

Breast skin eczema is a condition that causes inflammation and itching of the skin on the breast. Treatment typically involves topical medications and addressing any underlying causes.

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Duct ectasia

Duct ectasia is the dilation of milk ducts, which can cause nipple discharge and inflammation. Treatment may include antibiotics or surgical intervention if symptoms persist.

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Duct papilloma

A duct papilloma is a benign tumor that forms in a milk duct, often causing nipple discharge. Surgical removal is usually recommended to prevent complications and confirm the diagnosis.

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Mastalgia

Mastalgia refers to breast pain, which can be cyclical or non-cyclical. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, lifestyle changes, or surgical intervention.

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Mastitis

Mastitis is an infection of the breast tissue that results in pain, swelling, and redness. Treatment often includes antibiotics and, in some cases, surgical drainage.

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Galactocele

A galactocele is a milk-filled cyst that typically occurs in breastfeeding women. Treatment involves aspiration to remove the fluid and alleviate symptoms.

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Breast cyst

A breast cyst is a fluid-filled sac within the breast, typically benign. Treatment may involve aspiration or monitoring to ensure it does not cause discomfort or complications.

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Adenosis

Adenosis is a benign breast condition characterized by the enlargement of breast lobules. It is generally monitored, but surgical intervention may be required if it causes symptoms or diagnostic confusion.

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Radial Scar Lesion

Radial scar lesions are benign breast lesions that can mimic cancer on imaging studies. Surgical excision is often recommended to rule out malignancy and ensure accurate diagnosis.

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Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia is the enlargement of male breast tissue, often requiring surgical intervention to remove the excess tissue and restore a masculine chest contour.

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Breast Ptosis

Breast ptosis, or sagging breasts, can occur due to aging, weight loss, or other factors. Surgical procedures, such as mastopexy, are used to lift and reshape the breasts.

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Modified radical mastectomy

A modified radical mastectomy involves removing the entire breast along with the axillary lymph nodes. This procedure is used to treat invasive breast cancer and reduce the risk of recurrence.

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Lumpectomy

Lumpectomy, also known as breast-conserving surgery, involves removing the cancerous tumor and a small margin of surrounding tissue while preserving most of the breast.

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Mastectomy

Mastectomy is the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely, typically to treat or prevent breast cancer. It is a crucial procedure for managing various stages of breast cancer.

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Wide local excision

Wide local excision involves removing the breast cancer along with a margin of surrounding healthy tissue. This procedure aims to excise all cancerous cells while maintaining breast shape.

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Microdochectomy

Microdochectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a single lactiferous duct, typically performed to investigate and treat pathological nipple discharge or ductal carcinoma.

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Hadfields operation

Hadfield's operation, or duct excision, involves the removal of one or more milk ducts from the breast. This procedure is often used to treat conditions like ductal carcinoma in situ or recurrent nipple discharge.

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Sentinel LN biopsy

A sentinel lymph node biopsy is a procedure used to determine if breast cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. This minimally invasive technique identifies and removes the first lymph node(s) to which cancer cells are likely to spread.

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Breast conservation surgery

Breast conservation surgery, also known as lumpectomy, involves removing the cancerous part of the breast tissue while preserving as much of the breast as possible. It is a preferred option for early-stage breast cancer.

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Breast reduction surgery

Breast reduction surgery is a procedure to remove excess breast fat, glandular tissue, and skin to achieve a breast size in proportion with your body and alleviate discomfort. This surgery can be vital for patients with breast cancer needing reduction.

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Mammoplasty

Mammoplasty refers to various surgical procedures aimed at altering the size or shape of the breasts, including reduction, augmentation, and reconstruction.

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Breast Augmentation

Breast augmentation involves enhancing the size and shape of the breasts using implants or fat transfer. This procedure can be part of reconstruction or for cosmetic enhancement.

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Breast implants

Breast implants are used in reconstruction to restore breast shape and volume after mastectomy or for cosmetic augmentation. Various types and sizes are available to suit individual needs.

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Lattismus Dorsi flap

Latissimus Dorsi flap surgery uses muscle, fat, and skin from the upper back to reconstruct the breast, often combined with an implant for added volume.

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DIEP flap

DIEP flap reconstruction uses skin and fat from the lower abdomen to reconstruct the breast, sparing the abdominal muscles. This technique provides a natural breast appearance and feel.

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LICAP

LICAP is a reconstructive surgery technique using tissue from the side of the chest to rebuild the breast after mastectomy, offering a natural look and feel.

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Prophylactic mastectomy

Prophylactic mastectomy is a preventive surgery to remove one or both breasts to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer, particularly in high-risk individuals with genetic predispositions.

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Nipple sparing mastectomy

Nipple sparing mastectomy removes the breast tissue while preserving the nipple-areola complex. This procedure is suitable for select patients and aims to provide better aesthetic results.

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Skin sparing mastectomy

Skin sparing mastectomy involves removing the breast tissue while preserving most of the breast skin. This technique facilitates immediate reconstruction, maintaining the natural appearance of the breast.

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Trucut biopsy

A Trucut biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure used to obtain a tissue sample from a suspicious breast lump. This sample is then analyzed to determine the presence of cancer cells.

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TRAM Flap

TRAM Flap

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Toilet mastectomy

Toilet mastectomy

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Breast seroma aspiration

Breast seroma aspiration

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LYMPHA

LYMPHA

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Whole Breast Reconstruction

Whole Breast Reconstruction

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USG guided wire localisation and lumpectomy

USG guided wire localisation and lumpectomy

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Supraclavicular fossa clearance

Supraclavicular fossa clearance

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Axillary clearance

Axillary clearance

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Stereotactic biopsy

Stereotactic biopsy

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USG guided biopsy

Ultrasound-guided (USG) biopsy involves using ultrasound imaging to precisely locate and biopsy a suspicious area in the breast. This minimally invasive procedure helps diagnose breast cancer and other abnormalities.

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Lymphnode Transfer for Lymphedema

Lymph node transfer involves transplanting healthy lymph nodes to an area affected by lymphedema to restore lymphatic drainage and reduce swelling. This procedure is often performed to treat lymphedema following breast cancer surgery.

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Our Experts

Dr. Rajesh Kr. Jain

Director

Surgical Oncology, Head & Neck Onco Surgery, Breast Onco Surgery, Thoracic Onco Surgery, Musculoskeletal Oncology, Endocrine Surgery

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Dr. Rajesh Kr. Jain

Director

Dr. Ishan Mohan

Principal Consultant

Surgical Oncology, Head & Neck Onco Surgery, Breast Onco Surgery, Thoracic Onco Surgery, Musculoskeletal Oncology, Endocrine Surgery

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Dr. Ishan Mohan

Principal Consultant

Dr. Pranjal Kulshreshtha

Senior Consultant

Surgical Oncology, Head & Neck Onco Surgery, Breast Onco Surgery, Thoracic Onco Surgery, Musculoskeletal Oncology, Endocrine Surgery

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Dr. Pranjal Kulshreshtha

Senior Consultant

Emergency